Which hormones change during perimenopause?

Perimenopause is driven by changes in the hormones that control the menstrual cycle. These hormones begin to shift as the ovaries gradually become less active.

Exploring symptoms and care can help explain many of the changes women experience during this stage.

Oestrogen in perimenopause

Oestrogen is one of the main female hormones and plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle. During perimenopause, oestrogen fluctuations begin, which can influence many parts of the body.

Progesterone in perimenopause

Progesterone works alongside oestrogen to balance the menstrual cycle. It is produced after ovulation and helps prepare the body for a possible pregnancy. Changes in progesterone are an important part of perimenopause.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in perimenopause

FSH is released by the brain and signals the ovaries to prepare and release an egg. As the ovaries become less responsive, FSH levels often rise in an effort to stimulate them.

Luteinising hormone (LH) in perimenopause

LH also comes from the brain and plays a role in triggering ovulation. Its pattern can become less predictable during perimenopause.

Androgens in perimenopause

Androgens, including testosterone, are present in lower levels in women and contribute to energy and sexual wellbeing.

During perimenopause, androgen levels may gradually decline, although changes are usually less pronounced than those seen with oestrogen and progesterone. These shifts can still influence how some women feel during this stage.

How perimenopause hormones interact

These hormones normally follow a coordinated cycle. During perimenopause, this coordination becomes less stable, which can affect how the body responds month to month.

When to see a doctor

If you are unsure whether you're experiencing symptoms related to hormone changes, or if you have symptoms which are affecting your daily life, arranging perimenopause consultations can provide clarity and support.

Key points

Several hormones change during perimenopause.
Oestrogen and progesterone play central roles.
FSH and LH help regulate the cycle from the brain.
Hormone patterns become less coordinated over time.
These changes contribute to common perimenopause symptoms and physical changes.

Medically reviewed by Dr Susana Rodriguez, menopause clinician at ClaraSana Women’s Health, Perth.

Our content is based on up-to-date Australian guidelines & may differ from information on other sites.

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